Festa della Repubblica , or Italian Republic Day, commemorates the June 2, 1946 vote that defeated the monarchy in Italy and established a republic. Until 1946, Italy was officially a monarchy ruled by the House of Savoy, kings of Italy since the Risorgimento (and previously of Sardinia). Benito Mussolini, enjoying the support of the monarchy, imposed fascism after the October 28, 1922 March on Rome, eventually engaging Italy in World War II alongside Nazi Germany. After the war was over Italy held a referendum with a clear choice - republic or monarchy. after the vote approved a republic a constitutional assembly was organized to draft a constitution and to choose a form for the state.

A grand military parade is held in central Rome, presided by the President of the Republic in the role of Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.